WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway

Medium risk: 2 removed class constants, 1 deprecated hook, 1 removed hook.

• The filter wc_stripe_agentic_commerce_should_sync_product is now deprecated. It still fires, but it is scheduled to go.
• The filter wc_stripe_is_checkout_sessions_available is no longer fired. Any code hooked to it stops running silently.
• The class constant WC_Stripe_Agentic_Commerce_Integration::ASYNC_RESYNC_GROUP was removed.
• The class constant WC_Stripe_Checkout_Session_Context::ADAPTIVE_PRICING_AMOUNT_MISMATCH_OPTION was removed.
• WC_Stripe_UPE_Payment_Gateway::get_metadata_from_order() was removed.
• The script/style handle wc-stripe-blocks-checkout-style is gone. Code that dequeues, or declares a dependency on, that handle is now wrong.